--------------------
Let's get started! We're going to start off with the *D1 bug check, but more specifically when NETIO.sys is the labeled fault of the crash. I've been debugging online on various forums for a little over two years now, and in the past few months to a year, I have seen a huge increase in NETIO.sys *D1's. I am going to tell you right now that NETIO.sys *D1 bug checks are caused 100% of the time from what I have seen (and I have debugged and solved MANY NETIO.sys *D1's) by either the following:
1. Network drivers themselves; whether they need to be updated, reinstalled due to corruption, rolled back due to bug in latest version, etc.
2. 3rd party antivirus or firewall software causing NETBIOS and/or network related conflicts.
(99% of the time #2 is the cause, and rarely have I seen #1 but it's of course possible).Right, so with all of this said, what's NETIO.sys? NETIO.sys is Microsoft Windows' Network I/O Subsystem.
First of all, Input and Output (I/O) is actually extremely in-depth and will not be explained in this blog post. If you of course would however like to read about it and learn (which I highly recommend), read the following from the msdn website.
More specifically, we're interested in Network I/O operations in this regard - msdn link here
--------------------
With this said, the basic definition (per msdn) for the *D1 bug check is the following:
DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (d1)So, this is a fairly standard explanation for a person who understands how Windows' memory manager works. If you don't however, you can kinda sorta get the gist of it, but at the same time it may not really mean much to you. Let's go into detail on the memory manager subsystem, because we're all about learning!
This indicates that a kernel-mode driver attempted to access pageable memory at a process IRQL that was too high.
A driver tried to access an address that is pageable (or that is completely invalid) while the IRQL was too high. This bug check is usually caused by drivers that have used improper addresses.
Windows' memory manager runs at IRQL 0 (PASSIVE_LEVEL), which is the layer that threads run at. If for example a driver attempts to access memory that is not currently in RAM (paged), this will cause an exception (thrown by the processor). When this exception happens, Windows' memory manager will go ahead and catch the exception, fetch memory from the hard disk, and then finally the processor will then go ahead and return to the driver that attempted to access this memory which was not paged, but at this point will now be paged.
Alright, great, so why do we get this bug check? *D1 occurs when a driver attempts to access memory that is running at a higher IRQL. This is not good (clearly), because when the driver attempts to access paged-out memory at IRQL[n] (I use (n) because there are different levels, but I will go ahead and say that 2 is the most common, so from this point on I will use 2), Windows' memory manager will page-in the memory and run at IRQL 0. This cannot happen, so Windows' memory manager will bug check the system as a deadlock will occur.
This can also occur not only if a driver attempts to access memory that is running at a higher IRQL, but if a driver attempts to access an invalid memory address.
--------------------
Now that we have all of that said, let's move onto an example crash dump (just a random *D1 NETIO.sys dump from a user that I managed to dig up):
0: kd> !analyze -vRight away we can see that the 2nd parameter and/or argument of the *D1 bug check itself is 0000000000000002 (2) as I mentioned earlier. There are various other ways to display the parameters of a bug check in different ways.
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Bugcheck Analysis *
* *
*******************************************************************************
DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (d1)
An attempt was made to access a pageable (or completely invalid) address at an
interrupt request level (IRQL) that is too high. This is usually
caused by drivers using improper addresses.
If kernel debugger is available get stack backtrace.
Arguments:
Arg1: 0000000000000028, memory referenced
Arg2: 0000000000000002, IRQL
Arg3: 0000000000000000, value 0 = read operation, 1 = write operation
Arg4: fffff80000f8c43f, address which referenced memory
Debugging Details:
------------------
For example, by running the .bugcheck command:
0: kd> .bugcheck
Bugcheck code 000000D1
Arguments 00000000`00000028 00000000`00000002 00000000`00000000 fffff800`00f8c43f
I've highlighted where '00000000`00000002' = 2.
Before running !analyze v it's listed:
BugCheck D1, {28, 2, 0, fffff80000f8c43f}It's also listed after running !analyze v further in the dump:
CURRENT_IRQL: 2So, with this specific crash dump, it was a minidump and didn't contain very much information. For example, just have a look at the call stack:
STACK_TEXT:We can see from the stack that we just have Windows' usual error handling and fault tolerance bug check related routines. No driver calls, etc. Very dead stack. Let's go ahead and refer to the FBID:
ffffd000`253ab288 fffff801`9776d7e9 : 00000000`0000000a 00000000`00000028 00000000`00000002 00000000`00000000 : nt!KeBugCheckEx
ffffd000`253ab290 00000000`00000000 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : nt!KiBugCheckDispatch+0x69
FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: X64_0xD1_NETIO!RtlCopyBufferToMdl+1fWe can see the fault of the crash is NETIO.sys (calling into?) the RtlCopyBufferToMdl routine. I am not entirely sure actually what this routine implies, however just from knowing the acronyms...
Rtl = Run-Time Library.
Mdl = Memory Descriptor List.
I can imagine there's some sort of buffer being copied from an RTL routine to an MDL. So, what does this mean to us? Well, nothing really. It's a minidump with not very much information. All we know is something is conflicting with NETIO.sys. Let's go ahead and take a look at the loaded modules list (Debug > Modules). Now, in NETIO.sys dumps you are going to want to check for popular antivirus drivers. I would list them here, but there are so many. I think I'll add them over time. I will just go ahead and let you know that this specific dump contained ggc.sys which is a driver in relation to Quick Heal AntiVirus.
0: kd> lmvm ggcSo, there's ggc.sys. Now, at this point I recommend removal of QuickHeal and explained that it was likely causing network related conflicts, which in turn caused the system to crash. After QuickHeal was removed, the crashes stopped.
start end module name
fffff800`01600000 fffff800`01618000 ggc (deferred)
Image path: \SystemRoot\system32\DRIVERS\ggc.sys
Image name: ggc.sys
Timestamp: Wed Sep 04 02:43:22 2013
--------------------
-- Today when I wake up I will add a list of antiviruses and firewalls that I have seen cause this bug check.
hi Patrick
ReplyDeletenot really understand how you figure out the problem is related to ggc.sys, could you elaborate a bit? I'm struggling in a similar situation for a while
thanks
correo hotmail.es thanks
ReplyDeleteVery Informative blog.
ReplyDeleteReverseEngineering
Thank you very much i understand what you saying it is amazing i really impressive your article its amazing work done dude
ReplyDeleteTony Stark Hoodie
Great information about wilderness for beginners giving the opportunity for new people. Van Helsing Coat
ReplyDeleteI read this article. I think You put a lot of effort to create this article. I appreciate your work.
ReplyDeleteGaming Jackets
“Barbie Doll” by Marge Piercy mirrors the life story of a typical girl, who, since her childhood, falls victim to conventionality reigning in a society and eventually dies. The following short description will explain you everything in short https://best-writing-service.net/essays/literature/barbie-doll-by-marge-piercy.html
ReplyDeleteThanks for the article
ReplyDeletehoneywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
honeywebsolutions
backlinks
ReplyDeletebacklinks
backlinks
backlinks
backlinks
backlinks
backlinks
backlinks
backlinks
backlinks
This is the first time that I visit here. I found so many exciting matters in this particular blog,halloween leather jacket One thing I would like to request you that please keep posting such type of informatics blog.
ReplyDeleteLearn how to increase Facebook likes, Twitter followers, YouTube subscribers, Google plus ones, Pinterest followers, Tumblr followers
ReplyDeleteThanks for sharing this informative blog, keep sharing informative content blog.
ReplyDeleteSalezShark
CRM software in Bangalore is developed and strategized ideally. Its techniques are customized to manage and analyze the customers efficiently. CRM software Bangalore Makes use of a group of businesses, especially designed to handle many organization Processes like customer information, track lead, and promotion.
Really nice and interesting post. I was looking for this kind of information and enjoyed reading this one. Keep posting. Thanks for sharing.
ReplyDeleteClick here
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.soorban.com/business/1593-best-xiaomi-phonesthe mid-range models of Xiaomi phones that can offer you attractive models to buy. These models often have good prices and features that make them the most sold.
ReplyDeleteThanks for the best blog. it was very useful for me.keep sharing such ideas in the future as well. Donovan Mitchell Jacket
ReplyDeleteHy I'm Designer For Customize Leather Jackets. Please Visit Our Website. Johnny Depp Motorcycle Faux Leather Jacket
ReplyDeleteDynojet-Harley Powervision Black Series
ReplyDeleteAlon Digital Currency is one of the tokens in the cryptocurrency market. This token entered the global cryptocurrency market https://isiarticles.com/blog/143 in April 2021. Kevin Market Cup has referred to this currency as Meem Coin, but the creators claim that Alon Currency has big goals and serious projects.
ReplyDeleteThese jackets are the perfect jackets for casual use. They can keep you warm in extreme conditions. Moreover, these jackets are comfortable and stylish so they can slay at almost any gathering.
ReplyDeletePelle Pelle Soda Club Leather Jacket
Elon Currency Development Team believes that this currency is completely different from Ψ΅Ψ±Ψ§ΩΫ ΩΫΩ Sheiba or Dodge Quinn digital currency and is a token that is developing day by day.
ReplyDeleteThanks for writing a superb Blog. On this website, I always see quality-dependent articles. I also follow you. I want to be the best blogger like you—every time I like to read your writing stuff because I get very useful content there. You do great work. home maintenance services dubai
ReplyDeleteHARDCORE CYCLES was started in the Greater Philadelphia area by a group of tight friends with a passion for V-Twin performance aftermarket parts.Visit our Website Thanks
ReplyDeleteProgressive 465 Series Shock for Softails
Shop this best Super Leather quality The Man From Toronto Woody Harrelson Black Leather Jacket For men SHOP NOW
ReplyDeleteGenerally unprecedented done, I think it is bewildering the way that you've related with such vast people across the world! I feel truly leaned toward to see the inflexible you oblige others notwithstanding being limited nasa bomber jacket
ReplyDeleteI constantly read the smaller articles as well as clarify their motives, and that also happens with this article!Supreme Scarface Jacket
ReplyDeleteI constantly read the smaller articles as well as clarify their motives, and that also happens with this article!The 355 Outfits
ReplyDeleteI am so happy to come across this piece of write up, very much advanced my understanding to the next top level. Great job and continue to do same.Oscar Isaac Moon Knight Jacket
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteThis is the first time that I visit here. I found so many exciting matters in this particular blog. Dr.Michael Morbius Black Leather Coat
"When it comes to internet mentions in Pakistan, Pizzeria has a significant lead over Pizzeria. However, not all of the results were beneficial for the pizza brand; in Pakistan, just 18 percent of Pizzeria-related remarks were positive. pizza fries online order karachi
ReplyDeleteLocation: karachi, Pakistan
Phone Orders: (021) 111 981 111
Email Orders: info@pizzeria.com.pk
WhatsApp: +92 311 1981111"
I constantly read the smaller articles as well as clarify their motives, and that also happens with this article!Suede Leather Studs Jacket
ReplyDeleteyeezygaphoodies I never stop myself to express something about your nice work. You're working really hard.
ReplyDeleteThanks for sharing such beautiful information with us. We hope you will share some more information about ovo clothing.
ReplyDeleteThanks for sharing such beautiful information with us fmerchandise.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteI never stop myself to express something about your nice work. champhoodies.com You're working really hard.
ReplyDeleteI never stop myself to express something about your nice work. You're working really hard.stussyclothing.net
ReplyDeleteThanks for the information. I really like the way you express complex topics in a lucid way.yeezygapshop It really helps me understand it much better way.
ReplyDeleteIt’s hard to find good quality writing.
ReplyDeleteComputer Xperts is the official Alibaba Global Partner in Pakistan. It's the house of business Web Solutions, providing services since 1998. Computer Xpert (web experts) is the best web development company in Sialkot, Pakistan, to build your complete website and implement an adorable new website design.
like yours these days. thanks for sharing this post.
SEO Services in Lahore & Sialkot
Best Pakistan Logo Design Company Sialkot
Domain & Web Hosting in Sialkot
Web Xperts Portfolio
Web Development Services
Alibaba Official Partner In Sialkot
Alibaba Service Provider
Thanks very nice blog!. thanks for sharing.
ReplyDeleteDotleatherst Is One of the Best Station for Online Shopping.We Are Offering Premium Real Leather Jacket & Textile Collection for Mens & Womens.
Visit Now.
A2 Flight Jacket Mens
Leather V-Bomber Jacket Men
MensLeather Bomber Jackets
Biker Leather Jacket Mens
Fashion Jackets Mens for Sale
I feel extremely cheerful to have seen your post. I found the most beautiful and fascinating one. I am really extremely glad to visit stussycart your post.
ReplyDeleteI need information about free Training and Learning Program in London to Write My Research Paper and I would like to join these kinds of free classes. Things Merrill Jacket
ReplyDeleteAre you planning on moving long distance? If so, you may be considering hiring a moving company to help you out.
ReplyDelete5-benefits-of-hiring-long-distance-movers
I'm looking forward to acknowledge this website as one of the best for new information Infonexts-Wiki
ReplyDeleteΠ‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΠΉΡΠ° SEO ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΠΉΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°
ReplyDeleteWeb Directory ΠΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ
ThΖ° mα»₯c trang web Ρ Directory del sito web
Free site directory
ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅International News | World News | News resource directory | Π‘atalog RSS feed xml
Just the information I am finding everywhere.Top Gun Jennifer Connelly Jacket
ReplyDeleteNice Post! We provide jamie yellowstone jacket for new collections clothing product on 2022.
ReplyDeleteI really enjoyed reading your blog - it was informative, well-written, and provided a fresh perspective on the topic.gallerydeptstore
ReplyDeleteThe author's point throughout time is that the human body carries out its own functions even if the brain doesn't pay much attention to it. Of course, the brain can still slow down those functions or speed them up or just completely ignore them, but the body seems to regulate itself well in most cases. Maverick Jennifer Connelly Jacket
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteNice blog and absolutely outstanding.
Shining Jacket
It was very useful for me. I'm happy I found this blog.
ReplyDeletejack torrance jacket
this blog is great thanks for sharing Thomas Shelby Coat
ReplyDeleteFabulous thinking..!
ReplyDeleteKristoffer Polaha Grey Jacket
WHAT A EXCELLENT POST REALLY ENJOY SITE. Areena Design
ReplyDeleteWow what a excellent work.Areenadesign
ReplyDeleteReally a nice and interesting blog to read.
ReplyDeleteSean Astin Notre Dame Rudy Letterman Jacket
what hat does beth dutton wear
ReplyDeleteWe serves as a powerful symbol of her unwavering determination and resilience. Its sharp and commanding design reflects her strong personality, reminding us that she is a force to be reckoned with
Nice blog and absolutely outstanding.
ReplyDeleteeBay account management services
I am happy to find it. It's a great post.Tom Hardy Dunkirk Jacket
ReplyDeleteWhen you've got a mission, but staying cozy is a top priority Naruto Akatsuki Puffer Jacket
ReplyDeleteThis yellowstone john dutton quilted jacket an ode to the one favored by the legendary John Dutton, is an embodiment of durability and style. It's the perfect companion for those chilly nights on the ranch or a casual night out in the town
ReplyDeleteI am happy to find it. It's a great post.
ReplyDeleteMiles morales black Jacket
this blog is great thanks for sharing brians club cm
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteI appreciate how you explained the potential causes and solutions clearly—it’s incredibly helpful for anyone dealing with this problem. Keep up the great work!
ReplyDeleteDebugging and reverse engineering are critical in software development, helping uncover hidden issues in the code. Similarly, the Prisella jacket blends functionality and style, ensuring every detail is perfect, just like how reverse engineering refines a system’s performance. Both processes involve careful analysis to deliver the best results, whether in fashion or tech.
ReplyDelete